Background: Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting the poultry industry.The NDV is classified into three strains based on their relative virulence, namely velogenic or highly virulent, mesogenic or moderately virulent, and lentogenic or lowly virulent.The clinical manifestations of the disease vary depending on many f

BackgroundIn order to adapt to societal changes, healthcare systems need to switch from a disease orientation to a patient-centered approach.Virtual patient networks are a promising tool to favor this switch and much can be learned from the open and user innovation literature where the involvement of online user communities in the innovation proces